Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete with partial. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag, more commonly referred to as slag or slag cement, is a byproduct of steel production. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs ggbs is primarily a latent hydraulic binder used as a type 2 addition to cement which produces portland blastfurnace cement 635% of ggbs or blastfurnace cement 3690% ggbs which is produced primarily by blending at the concrete mixer but can also be used to produce factory blends generally at the cement factory. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs composition spec pdf top blast furnace slag suppliers exporters by country. So incorporating this waste material in concrete can reduce the depletion of conventional concrete components such as cement, fine. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its. Bridge deck fly ash or ground granulated blastfurnace slag concrete overlay effective. Slag cement is finely ground, glassy granular material formed when molten blast furnace slag is rapidly chilled.
All bsi british standards available online in electronic and print formats. Request pdf ground granulated blast furnace slag ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blastfurnaces used to make iron. Description this specification establishes requirements and test methods for slag cement and the slag cement quality monitoring program scqmp. One of the most sustainable construction materials available, slag decreases greenhouse gas emissions and the use of virgin materials. A guide to the use of iron blast furnace slag in cement and concrete asa data sheet 5. This applies to all cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, and blended cement sold to contractors for use. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. Minnesota department of transportation certified cement. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a strength enhancing. Ground granulated blast furnace slag request pdf researchgate. G the ggbs complies with all the specifications required by en 151761 2006, and was added separately in the mixer. Wainwright pj, rey n 2000 the influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs additions and time delay on the bleeding of concrete.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs was employed as the main component of an alternative binder. Certified cement, granulated blast furnace slag, and blended cement program. Ground granulated blast furnace slag used as a partial replacement for portland cement. Experimental behavior of reinforced concrete with partial replacement of cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag m. Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria. Slag is primarily composed of cao, sio 2, aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, and magnesium oxide mgo. Ground granulated blast furnace slag 71112 following is a list of slag cement. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Blast furnance slag user guideline portland cement. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs at elevated temperatures. Contaminated packaging completely empty the packaging and process it according to local legislation. Relevant documents documents that specify or describe the chemical and physical properties of ggbfs are. Ggbs is used to make durable concrete structures in combina.
Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to as. Ground granulated blast furnace slag is a supplementary cementitious material that is a partial replacement for portland cement in concrete and other similar products. Sisal agave sisalana field byproduct was selected from a variety of brazilian fibrous. Documents that specify or describe the chemical and physical. See ground granulated blast furnace slag for safety data. Continue flushing until advised to stop by a poisons information centre, a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. Safety data sheet ground granulated blast furnace slag. The term slag cement will be used throughout this paper when referring to finely ground granulated blast furnace slag. Concrete qualities with four different ggbs contents expressed as percentage of the mass of portland cement, in. Cotton soil using ground granulated blast furnace slag. Granulated blast furnace slag 90% 65996692 gypsum caso 4 2h 2 0 25% 10101414 section 4. Geopolymer concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag and.
The raw material does not expose the user to the same risks as the ground powdered product. Hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag is ground to a suitable fineness commonly referred to as slag cement, or ggbfs. Iron ore, coke and limestone are fed into the furnace and molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 1500 0 c to 1600 0 c as a resultant. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius.
Dartford bridge, united kingdom this article shed light on the properties of hardened concrete incorporating blast furnace slag. Tests results show that the incorporating 20% the ground granulated blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing industry. Concrete, aci manual of concrete practice, part 1, 2004. Each material can be ground to its own optimum fineness 2. Aggregates are used for all types of base and subbase construction. Ggbfs was activated by naoh, and it was found that the rate of reaction depends on the ph of the starting solution. Disposal considerations waste treatment methods product uncontaminated spillages can be reused. The ground granulated blast furnace slag used was slagg bremen, imported from holcim deutschland a. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. The hydration of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs at 25 c in. The use of ggbfs in portland cement is governed by aashto m302. High strength concrete incorporating ground granulated.
Documents that specify or describe the chemical and physical properties of. The iron ore is reduced to iron and the remaining materials from a slag. Douglas e, bilodeau a, brandstetr j 1991 alkali activated ground granulated blastfurnace slag concrete. Ggbfs is divided into three classifications based on its activity index. Pdf effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag as. Since the discovery of the latent hydraulic reactivity of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs by emil langen at the end of the 19th century, this material has been used successfully as cement and concrete addition. This paper deals with the mechanical properties of concrete made with ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs subjected to temperatures up to 350 c. Aci committee 226, aci manual of concrete practice, 226.
In addition to applications requiring graded aggregates, pit run blast furnace slag is extensively used for subbase. Gopinath3 1,2,final year student, department of civil engineering, sathyabama university, chennai, india. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast. While this is a new method of use in this country, the cementitious material is not new. Ggbs is obtained by quenching molten iron slagfrom a blast furnace in water or stream, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
Pdf properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast. Blast furnace slag is a byproduct of iron manufacturing, via thermochemical reduction, in a blast furnace. Proceedings of international conference on advances in architecture and civil engineering. Influence of granulated blast furnace slag on mechanical.
Hydration of alkaliactivated ground granulated blast furnace slag. This work shall consist of the preparation of the existing concrete bridge deck and the construction of a fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace ggbf slag concrete overlay to. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Blast furnaces are fed with controlled mixture of ironore, coke and limestone, and operated at a temperature of about 1,500c. There are many applications of concrete with blast furnace slag such as dartford bridge which is shown in figure2. Blast furnace slag abbreviated ggbfs, for ground granulated blast furnace slag is broadly described as a mixture of poorly crystalline phases with compositions resembling gehlenite 2caoal 2 o 3 sio 2 and akermanite 2caomgo2sio 2, as well as depolymerized calcium silicate glasses. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. Slag cement, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs, granulated blast furnace slag gbfs, slag product form. Pdf high strength concrete using ground granulated blast. Astm c989, standard specification for ground granulated blastfurnace slag. Identification of the substancemixture and of the companyundertaking product identification a fine offwhite to light grey powder which is used as an cementitious additive.
Ground granulated slag, combined with portland cement in the mixer, is the subject of discussion at this forum. This chapter includes all relevant information about this valuable materialfrom production and processing to the effect, which ggbfs additions have on the concrete. Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs the importance of ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs lies in its greener way to become a substitute in concrete material.
Cementitious applications of ground blastfurnace slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Grade 80 has a low activity index and is used primarily in mass structures because it generates less heat than portland cement. Standard specification for ground granulated blastfurnace. In india, annual productions of pig iron is 7080 million tons and corresponding blast furnace slag are about 21. These operate at a temperature of about 1500 degrees centigrade and are fed with a carefully controlled mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh which is a strength enhancing compound which increases the strength, durability and appearance of the concrete. Blast furnace slag finely ground granulated blast furnace slag for experimental research was taken from the company kotouc stramberk, ltd. Granulated slag is quickly quenched or chilled by water or air or both to form a glassy, granular product with very limited crystal formation. Compared to the blended cements used in the past, the new.
Ggbs being a waste material, it needs proper method for disposal. High strength concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs article pdf available in international journal of scientific and engineering research 57. Substance ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs reach registration number. The composition of molten slag about 30% to 40% sio. Effect on the compressive strength of mortars using ground. Blast furnace slag an overview sciencedirect topics. Synonyms blast furnace slag granulated slag slag uses cement additive construction industry 1. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is designated in astm c 989 and consists mainly of silicates and aluminosilicates of calcium.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in combination with water and aggregates to form concrete. Activation of ground granulated blast furnace slag by. A fine offwhite to light grey powder which is used as an cementitious additive. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs safety data sheet. Hydration of alkaliactivated ground granulated blast. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a glassy byproduct of pig iron production and has been used in blended cements for over 140 years 1. Soft soil stabilisation using ground granulated blast. Ground agricultural gypsum and constructiongrade hydrated lime were used as activators in the proportions of 0.
Ground granulated blast furnace slag is used as an additive with portland cement in. The utilization of these materials reduces carbon dioxide co 2 footprint attributed to cement production and enhances the properties of concrete. Slag slag is a grainy, grey and metallic byproduct of steel production that can be used to produce slag cement and composite cement. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs, sometimes simply referred to.
Average ground granulated blast furnace slag epd search. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs1 is a by product from the blast furnaces used to make iron. Both reactive mgo and cao are alternative activators for ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs. Dicalcium silicate ca 2 sio 4 14284232, merwinite ca 3 mgsi 2 o 8 8644, and gehlenite ca 2 al 2 sio 7 2563. When used as part of a portland cement concrete, slag reacts with both the water latent hydraulic reaction and the hydrated cement paste pozzolanic reaction, resulting in a more refined microstructure than that of a plain portland cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs chemical. Note 1the material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c 595 or as a separate. The main product was identified as csh, and, in the pastes with high ph, hydrotalcite was observed at later stages of. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag gcp applied technologies. Chemical analysis was made at the nanotechnology centre of vsb technical university of ostrava. The proportions can be adjusted to suit the particular project needs. The majority of components in granulated blast furnace slag are various glassy metallic silicates iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and titanium silicates, including.
A blend of cement kiln dust, fly ash, and cement used to make concrete blocks for basement walls. Dinen151672006 ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout part 1. Blast furnace slag is formed in a continuous process by melting lime andor dolomite, the waste from carbon sources and nonmetallic components of iron load e. When ironore, coke and limestone melt in the blast furnace, two products are producedmolten iron, and molten slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs has been used for many years as a supplementary cementitious material in portland cement concrete, either as a mineral admixture or as a component of blended cement.